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Getting Tough on Gun Violence

By Laura Amico

 

America’s top cops say they need more help from the courts

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Nonfatal Gunshot Injuries in U.S. On the Rise Since 2000

The number of people shot in the U.S. each year has risen significantly from the beginning of the new century to 2008, reports the Violence Policy Center in Washington, D.C.  Between 2000 and 2008, 272,590 people died of gunshot injuries, an average of 30,288 gun deaths per year, a number the violence center calls "shocking by comparison to any other developed country." During the same period, an estimated 617,488 people suffered nonfatal gunshot injuries.

The total shot in 2008, the latest year for which data are available, was 110,215, the highest recorded during the nine-year period surveyed in the analysis. The violence center says that, “the common focus on gun deaths as a marker to illustrate America’s ‘gun problem’ obscures an alarming trend. The number of persons who suffer nonfatal gunshot injuries--that is, who are shot but do not die--has risen. This means simply that more people are being shot by guns every year."

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The GOP and Criminal Justice

By Steve Yoder

Many of the leading Republican contenders in the presidential race have pushed reformist 'smart on crime' agendas. But will those agendas survive if one of them sits in the White House?

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Per Capita Gun-Death Rates Ranked: Alaska Highest, Hawaii Lowest

States with higher gun ownership rates and weak gun laws report the highest rates of gun death, says the Washington, D.C.-based Violence Policy Center...

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Nevada Tops National List Again in Women Killed by Man

Nevada’s rate of women killed by men — more than double the national average — ranks first in the nation for the second consecutive year, says a new study from the Washington, D.C.-based Violence Policy Center reported by the Las Vegas Sun. Nevada has taken the unenviable top spot four of the past five years in the “When Men Murder Women” report. The new report analyzes homicides from 2009, the most recent data available from the FBI.

Nevada’s homicide rate of women killed by men in 2009 was 2.7 per 100,000. The national average was 1.25 per 100,000. Alabama and Louisiana followed Nevada in the report’s homicide rate rankings. Police say the gloomy portrait of domestic violence in Nevada isn’t necessarily accurate now. Lt. Rob Lundquist said domestic violence-related homicides in Las Vegas have been decreasing since the report’s data were collected. “We’ve definitely had a substantial reduction in domestic violence-related homicides and also female fatalities,” Lundquist said. “We’ve taken a very active stance on it.”

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Nearly 3/4 of Public Defenders Lack Lawyers to Meet Caseload Standards

The overburdening of U.S. public defense systems can result in more and longer prison sentences, says the advocacy group Justice Policy Institute in a report issued today.

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Facebook, MySpace and Twitter Allow Law Enforcement to Use Online Surveillance, Leaving No Trace

Law Enforcement could be watching, but you would have no idea.

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The Challenge of Cutting Prison Populations

By Edith Brady-Lunny

How measures to tackle corrections spending are portrayed in the media makes a crucial difference—as Illinois discovered.

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Justice Reform: A “Golden Opportunity”

By Ted Gest

Federal belt-tightening may encourage smart justice reforms at the city and state level, a Wash DC meeting is told.

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State of Sentencing 2010

Budget crunches and overcrowded prisons provided a turning point for sentencing reform in 2010, says a new report by The Sentencing Project. New criminal justice policies, including changes to crack and cocaine sentencing in order to alleviate disparities, took place in 23 States across the nation in 2010.

 Other reforms included changes to parole supervision and the successful reentry of felons.

Read the report here.

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Law Enforcement and Pre-Trial Detention?

Once a suspect is arrested, the role of law enforcement ends until trial. But now some law enforcement agencies are saying that level of involvement is just not enough. In today’s criminal justice many cases don't make it through to the trial phase and instead are resolved in the pre-trial phase.

 A new report, "Law Enforcement's Leadership Role in the Pretrial Release and Detention Process," released by The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACAP), with the Pretrial Justice Institute (PJI) and The Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) argues that collaboration between agencies can help prevent the early release of dangerous felons.

 Read the report here.

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Punishment, Politics and Public Opinion

By William D. Burrell

 

Elected officials at all levels of government believe that they need to be “tough on crime” to get elected to office and stay there. This belief is based on the perception that the citizens whom the politicians seek to represent uniformly demand a tough and punitive response to crime that usually entails a prison sentence. Acting on this belief, the elected officials have passed laws that have fueled the extraordinary and sustained growth of the prison population in the United States over the past 3 decades. As a result, this country outranks all other counties in both the rate of incarceration and the size of the prison population.

 

While these beliefs have been pervasive for some time, two recent reports on public opinion and punishment seem to cast significant doubt on the accuracy of this conventional political wisdom. Reports from the Pew Center on the States and the Death Penalty Information Center both paint a picture of an electorate with some surprising views. Both of these reports are based on national polls of citizens in the spring of 2010 and the Pew report also incorporated the results of a series of focus groups.

 

When taken together, these reports portray a public that is more moderate, nuanced and pragmatic than most politicians suggest that they are. The public is not one dimensional, uniformly punitive towards criminals. As was suggested by one of the pollsters engaged by Pew, the public is humane and can be forgiving. Citizens polled showed an awareness of and sensitivity to issues that are rarely discussed in the public political debates on punishment. For example:

 

Citizens are concerned about the overall cost of corrections specifically, and in relation to other areas of government where funding is needed (education, health care, infrastructure).

 

They believe that fewer low risk offenders should not be incarcerated, and there was support for reducing the terms of those low risk offenders currently behind bars. These offenders should receive services and treatment to help them make a successful adjustment to society.

 

There is strong support for rehabilitation, ranking it second after protecting society as a reason for incarcerating offenders.

 

Concerning the death penalty, the respondents expressed concern about:

 

Unfairness in imposition of the death penalty, especially racial disparities.

 

The high cost of capital punishment.

 

The impact on the victim’s family of repeated court hearings and the lack of closure.

 

The issue of innocence, for example the risk of executing someone who is innocent.

 

The primary concern of citizens is safety, for themselves and the community. They still support incarceration for violent offenders, but they want their justice systems to be “smart on crime”. Programs and services to prevent crime in the first place should be given at least as much priority as prisons. Citizens emphasize the need for holding offenders accountable for their behavior, for paying restitution and child support, and for working to develop the skills they need to live a law abiding and productive life.

 

I think it is also fair to say that the citizens want the justice system to be accountable as well, for being “smart on crime” in how the justice agencies use the authority and resources granted to them by their citizens.

 

While some readers might see the findings of these two surveys surprising, they should not. These results are consistent with more than two decades worth of polling on crime and punishment. Dozens of studies have portrayed the public to be pragmatic, reasonable and balanced in their views of punishment, supporting rehabilitation and treatment for offenders who need it. There is support for incarceration, but for dangerous and violent offenders, not for everyone. One reason that this portrayal of public attitudes is surprising is that most of the studies have been published in academic journals and policy reports that rarely find their way into the hands of elected officials and policy makers, no less the public.

 

This information comes to light at a critical time. States and counties are suffering the worst fiscal pressures in memory and are struggling with life and death decisions about budgets. In a number of states, courageous politicians are raising concerns (no doubt with concerns about the impact their political future) about the cost of corrections and the return on that investment. The consistent support of the public for a more moderate, less punitive and fundamentally pragmatic sentencing and correctional policy should help to redefine the debate, and provide elected officials with some support as they wrestle with these difficult and costly decisions.

 


William D. Burrell is an independent corrections management consultant specializing in community corrections and evidence-based practices. From 2003 to 2007, he was a member of the faculty in the Department of Criminal Justice at Temple University in Philadelphia. Prior to joining the Temple faculty, Bill served for nineteen years as chief of adult probation services for the New Jersey state court system. Bill is chairman of the Editorial Committee for Perspectives, the journal of the American Probation and Parole Association (APPA) and serves on APPA’s Board of Directors.  He has consulted, and developed and delivered training for probation and parole agencies at the federal, state and county level.
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Government Enhances Tools To Aid Victims Of Domestic Violence

President Obama on Wednesday announced a federal effort to curb domestic violence and help women who have been victims of abuse, reports United Press International. Federal housing officials released new rules to prevent victims from getting evicted or denied housing assistance, and the Justice Department released new tools for judges, advocates and law enforcement to use "to help ensure that protective orders are issued and enforced." Obama spoke at a White House event to note Domestic Violence Awareness Month.

"As you all know, domestic violence was for far too long seen as a lesser offense," Obama said. "Victims were often just sent home from the hospital without intervention; children were left to suffer in silence. And as a consequence, abuse could go on for years. In many cases, this violence would only end with the death of a woman or a child.().The bottom line is this: Nobody in America should live in fear because they are unsafe in their own home."

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Domestic Violence Victims get abortions, new study finds

Nearly one in seven women who sought abortions at a large family planning clinic in Iowa reported at least one incident of physical or sexual abuse in the past year, a new study, "Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among an Abortion Clinic Population," found. Published in the American Journal of Public Health researchers at the University of Iowa, College of Public Health and Planned Parenthood of the Heartland studied 986 patients over the course of a year.

Access the study here.

Use the Crime Report for more information on Domestic Violence.

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Deedra Atkinson

Senior Vice President

Community Impact

United Way of Dane County

Wisconsin

datkinson@uwdc.org; tkuplic@uwdc.org

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